UPSC Polity Preparation : Fundamental Duties 5.1

Introduction

• Moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India.
• Rights and duties of citizens are correlative and inseparable.
•  Even if not mentioned explicitly, they are presumed and are implicit.
• Not a part of original constitution but made an indispensable part of it by 42nd CAA, 1976. 
• Not removed by the 43rd and 44th CAA, 1978.
• Increased to 11 by 86th CAA, 2002.
• Inspired from the USSR constitution.
• Citizen's exercise of their rights and freedoms was inseparable from the performance of their duties and obligations. 
• It helps in furthering our interest and integrate our composite culture.
• Not mentioned explicitly by most democracies like USA and France.
• Japan is one of the few countries that mentions it explicitly.
• Fundamental Duties are also in:

1. Universal declaration of Human Rights.
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations

• Made recommendations on fundamental duties (8 eventually 10, now 11)
• Need felt during the operation of the internal emergency(1975-77)
• 42nd CAA, 1976, Part 4A, Article 51A
• Citizens should be aware of FDs while they enjoy FRs
• If citizens do not follow/violate these FDs, penalty and punishment can be imposed by the parliament.
• No JR of such law giving force to FD.
• Make duty to pay taxes a FD.

Criticisms

• Not exhaustive
• Vague, ambiguous and difficult to understand by layman.
• Superfluous, code of moral percepts as they are non-justiciable in character.
• Conscientious citizens will perform them anyway.
• Why an appendage to Part IV, wny not keep them in Part III

Significance

• Not enforceable but held obligatory to all citizens by the SC.
• Reminder that citizens have duties towards India, society and fellow brethrer.
• Strong deterrent to antisocial and anti national activities,
• Source of inspiration,
• Realization of the true potential of this nation.
• Help courts in determining the constitutional validity of the law.

Laws giving effect to FD

• RTE, 2009
• Preventions of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
• NSA, 1980
• Various Cr.PC amendments for having women centric laws.
• Environmental protection law, wildlife protection, air pollution, water pollution.

How to crack the world's toughest examination: Tedx talk by Dr.Roman Saini

TEDx talk by Dr. Roman Saini on How to Crack the World’s Toughest Examination 

So let me start off first with something on how to crack world’s toughest examination. What defines the toughness of an examination is the acceptance ratio i.e. the no. of candidates accepted divided by the no. of candidates applied. More than a million people give the IAS exam. If you have to become an IAS officer, the acceptance ratio for that is 1/10000 or 0.0001. So you have better odds of jumping from 50th floor and surviving rather than clearing the IAS exam. 

I am normal guy, an average student, exactly like you. No difference whatsoever. I had never been out of Jaipur till I was 16 yrs. of age. Never visited any state other than Rajasthan, studied from 4 different school due to different issues despite being living in the same place for 16 yrs. 

UPSC Preparation: What to do one month before prelims?

Dr. Roman Saini tells you the exact strategy to follow when the IAS prelims are just a month away

What to do one month before prelims
1 stop reading new  textbooks which you have never opened and stop buying new ones
2 all the notes made by you, consolidate it all at one place and of in electronic form take a print out and read them once daily till the examination starts.
3 give a test either going to a test series centre or online test series or Photocopy of the test at your own study place , at least 2-3 times a week.
4 while giving the test at your home either from photocopy or online, make sure you give it with full integrity that is no cheating around, no taking extra time and giving paper 1 and 2 on the same day.
5 if you are feelings anxious stressed etc take deep breaths, exercise, listen to music you like ,do yoga etc. for few hours and you will definitely feel the improvement.
6 start reading from already finished textbooks, at a very rapid pace which is called skimming and emphasise solely on keywords .
7 if there is an important table, figure , stats or any other high yield material either on Wikipedia, or laxmikanth or any environment topic or any private notes or otherwise, take a screen shot or a photo from your cell and print it out and consolidate all this material at one place.
8 stop group studying as now you have to read at your own comfort level and revise as much as possible. People in group are at different level of awareness about current events ,knowledge etc hence those who are less knowledgeable and learn at a somewhat slower pace, get a serious disadvantage.
9 don't study for 18 hours a day . Always maintain the average around 12 hours and have adequate time for relaxing your eyes, body and brain.
10 stop eating junk food, take liquid based diet, and semi solids and homemade balanced diet and never eat a lot at one go as it makes is lethargic and focus tend to digress.

UPSC Preparation: History optional tips by Ajay Kumar Bansal (AIR 178)

Strategy for History Optional

Name UPSC  - CSE 2013 Rank  Optional Subject Marks Scored Background

: : : : :

Ajay Kumar Bansal Rank 178 History 246(121+125) Civil Engineer IIT Roorkee

Hello Everyone ,

This is Ajay Kumar Bansal. I have secured rank 178 in this year’s UPSC Civil Service Examination. My optional was History, and it rewarded me handsomely in terms of marks.

History is a safe and scoring subject in this exam. While in recent years popular subjects like public administration, geography, sociology etc. have seen scores on a bit lower side, history has managed to maintain its old momentum.

Contrary to popular belief, history has a well defined and limited syllabus and even students from non- arts background can master it in short time. I am myself an engineer and still chose it. I have interest in history since school days, so this added up as a small bonus for me. Besides my own specialisation, Civil Engineer is unmanageable, because of vastness of syllabus, so I found history to be natural choice for me.

As per the new General Studies pattern, taking History also covers almost 60% of GS Paper 1. This year 15 out of 25 questions in GS Paper 1 were from history and Culture, so 150 marks of your GS are prepared automatically with this optional.

UPSC Preparation: Interview tips by Utkrisht Prasoon (AIR 101)

Utkrisht Prasoon (AIR 101), the highest scorer in the interview section of CSE-2013 gives some amazing tips on how to ace your interviews.

It is the last and final stage in the entire process. On the outset it might appear that 275 marks , which the interview carries is very little as compared to the totality of 2025 marks, especially as compared to the total 750 marks of the mains exam. It is indeed a supplement and not a decider to your final rank in the merit list. But it is also a game changer for your final rank as it is within your capacity to filter out more than 70 % of the 275 marks, as compared to the written marks, where even getting 40 % is a bit too difficult nowadays for most.

this is however, contingent on you being able to work the entire session work in to your favour. Remember, this isnt a test of your knowledge , but of your personality. hence it is how you present yourself that matters. you may be able to answer all the questions correctly, but if you somehow give an image of a person who is at the wrong place in the interview room, or someone whom the board members don’t want in the administration - you will be given less than average marks. It can also be the other way round that you might not be able to answer 99 out of 100 questions, but still you are able to get high marks, because of how you present yourself.

UPSC Preparation: Law optional tips by Sachin Sharma

1. I have done LL.B from Delhi University and it was my first year when I sincerely took up Civil Services Examination. Although Civils was my aim since my school days. I got the right platform for preparation when I entered Delhi University to pursue my LL.B. Fortunately the syllabus of LL.B of D.U was strikingly similar to that of the Law syllabus of the UPSC. I had the urge to study law from the beginning and when I started studying it, i found it very interesting and easy. Before opting law as an optional for CSE, i did a survey by asking friends and teachers regarding the scope of law as an optional. I met students who got through this exam with law as their option though they were not LL.B. This boosted my confidence and moreover i never found a student who has secured below average marks in Law. The syllabus of my college, my interest in law and the feedback which i got from the civils aspirant cemented my belief in Law and I took it.

2. Following are the subject wise books of law which aspirants should follow religiously:
a. Constitution – J N Pandey
b. Torts – R K Bangia/ Avtar Singh
c. Contract – Avtar Singh
d. Indian Penal Code – PSA Pillai’s Criminal Law
e. Public Int Law – Kapoor/ Gurdeep Bahari

3. Coaching plays an important role in preparation for CSE. But it is your own hard work which helps you reach the pinnacle of success. Coaching institutes will acquaint u with the syllabus. They can play an important role in deciding which topics could be left while preparing for the exam. They can provide you the notes on the aforementioned topics.

Motivation tips by Dr. Roman Saini

Firstly you have to understand one thing, Motivation is not magic. There is no shortcut to for motivation or to stay motivated and it is definitely not something that can be bought.

Every motivational author, speaker, life coach has their own set of tips and to-do's to achieve and sustain motivation. If you just google the word  motivation you'll be flooded with a gazillion links on how to stay motivated and all that BS and every article you read will have more or less the same points.

So what to do?

You can watch this Tedx talk which I gave on 24 August, 2014. Most of the feedback I have received tells me that it really helped people who have watched it and so I hope it might help you too at least in a teeny tiny manner.

I'll list down here six points that have been thoroughly researched and proven to help people in achieving their goal and help them in staying motivated:

What inspired Dr. Roman Saini to take up IAS examination?

Dr. Roman Saini talks about his inspiration behind giving the IAS exam.

It was always my childhood dream to serve the poor and downtrodden, and with constant incessant hard work in the right direction, under able guidance of my teachers, with unquestionable support of my parents and friends, and with grace of God, I cleared this exam and now will be able to serve the nation.

Duh...

This is how an answer to your question would have been written. But not in this case my friend, as I love to be brutally honest.
Generally speaking, there were some pull factors towards the IAS and then some push factors from M.B.B.S.

UPSC Preparation: Psychology optional tips by Prabhav Joshi (AIR 23)

Prabhav Joshi (AIR 23) gives tips on Psychology as an optional in IAS

SUBTOPIC 0: My Brief Profile

Hey! I am a graduate in Chemical Engg. from BITS Pilani. I have consistently scored well in Psycho: 217 in 2012 and 249 in 2013(which propelled me to AIR 23). I fell in love with psychology at the first sight reading and enjoyed preparing the subject to the core!


SUBTOPIC 1

Psychology as an optional

Pros
1) Very very interesting subject to study. Everyone I have come across finds this optional interesting without fail. I think interest in the optional should be the prime criteria for choosing any optional because when you are passionate about something you will enjoy the whole process.
2) Has been fairly scoring over the last 4/5 years. No fear of getting butchered because its no more a mass optional like pub ad and geo
3) Direct application of lot of concepts paper 1 in paper 2 reduces the amount of mugging required.
4) Techniques learnt while reading topics like memory, intelligence, motivation etc can be applied in your UPSC preparation.
5) From stress management to effective parenting, the subject has lots to offer for implementation in everyday life too... Even In case you do not succeed, you would have learnt something valuable in life!

Cons

1) Dearth of material in certain topics, especially in paper 2.
2) The syllabus is a bit lengthy with 28 chapters.
3) Scoring in paper 2 is little subjective and unpredictable.

SUBTOPIC 2

SOURCES

UPSC Preparation: Medical Science optional tips by Dr. Roman Saini

Medical Science optional tips by Dr. Roman Saini

Medical science by me air 18 marks 221 ( we will also present by toppers like Bharti dixit and others who got 280 marks ,but the reason I am writing this is because I feel like clearing along with internship requires a specific strategy which can't be easily shared by others).

Go for it if you are a doctor or done studies in allied branches. Especially go for it if you really like it and are genuinely interested, because syllabus is vast and tends to delve into boring at times. Grab hold of those notes which you made during your professional examination during colleges as the level of difficulty is somewhat lower than the questions asked in our professional examination and hence we have already covered most of the syllabus, we just need time to consolidate !

Read and finish the syllabus which is given in the UPSC prospectus as it will be more than enough to cover 90% of questions asked in the exam. Never lose your focus as medicine is a vast ocean where you have to master just a few drops to be a civil servant.

UPSC Preparation: Commerce optional tips by Raj Karan Agarwal

Raj Karan AgarwalCA,CS,B.COM(H)AIR 474,1st AttemptCommerce Score : 144 + 128.

Commerce & Accountancy : It is one of the lengthy optional in terms of time needed for preparation & revision.The biggest hurdle that arises during preparation is that it requires vast reading and then integration from different sources so that coverage is comprehensive.Also,supply of study material is limited hence reliance on coaching is increased.


But nevertheless,provides advantage as graduation/professional studies are utilized and around 150 marks numerical are there which can fetch very good marks.Also,larger part of the syllabus is static in nature.


In this scenario,there is no harm in taking coaching for paper one is uncomfortable like I did for paper 2 as basics are clarified in class and regular test provide a check. But a word of caution that coaching helps around 20-25%, rest is application and hard work of student itself.



PAPER – I


Accounting and Finance

UPSC Preparation: Does academic record matter in IAS selection?

Dr. Roman Saini discusses on the idea of academic record and its importance in selection to IAS

Unless you have some major hiccup (and I mean major like taking 6 years to finish a 3-4 year course) , there is only one answer. Nowhere in life in general and CSE interview in particular, does your academia matter.

Consider my example. I did my schooling from a decent enough school in Jaipur, am pretty good at articulating in English. I had received many awards, had well developed hobbies like playing guitar (which I also happen to have a degree in) and I did my graduation from one of the best medical schools in the country. I gave my interview for the civil services alongside my internship, with no gap between graduation and CSE. In short, I was going to the interview with almost perfect profile on the paper. Yet, getting only 154 marks despite giving a good interview is a testament to my theory.

UPSC Preparation: Daily routine of Dr. Roman Saini while preparing for IAS

Dr. Roman Saini shares his daily routine while preparing for IAS

When it comes to my daily routine, there is only one answer : I had none. And till today there is none. There was no daily schedule which I used to follow or without I would have died or without which there was no possible chance of selection and there can never be. Though there was relative stability with regards to my sleeping time, especially during the exams and internship posting at AIIMS. Yet there is no sacrosanct rule as when to sleep, read, eat, bath, listen to music. 
What I need you to understand is that only 2 things you should take care of 1. 8 hrs of quality study 

2. 8 hrs of sleep is the key. 

It is the absolute truth. Once these things fall in place, after that you can do whatever you want to with 1/3rd of your left day. It can be biking, riding, hiking, singing, Pauling guitar, banjo, sitar, Veena.

UPSC Preparation: How to prepare for IAS by Dr. Roman Saini

(Disclaimer: IAS is used alternatively with Civil Services)

Profile
Name: Dr. Roman Saini
Age : 22
Roll number: 074397
Name of the Exam and Year : CSE 2013
Result/Rank : 18 (First attempt)
Graduation Background and College: MBBS, AIIMS, New Delhi. Graduated in January 2014
Work Experience :: Junior Resident Psychiatry AIIMS- Feb - June 2014
UPSC Optional: MEDICAL SCIENCE

State and Place of Residence: Living in New Delhi for 6 years.
Percentage of Marks in 10th : 85.5
Percentage of Marks in 12th : 91.4
Percentage of Marks in MBBS : 62.8
Extra Curricular Activities: Professional guitarist – Trinity College London

 If you would have asked me 4 years ago what is UPSC, I could not even tell you the full form, forget about anything else. I was horribly bad at English and studying social sciences or Humanities as they call it, was extremely inhuman at first. But somehow I developed a likening towards studying diverse subjects which is the first and foremost requirement for preparation of this examination, one of the hardest in the world. Hardness of any examination is determined by Success ratio. In 2014, one million candidates applied, but this year IAS was allotted only till 92nd rank in General Category and one of my friend who got 98th rank has given the examination again just to get into this coveted and sacred service. So, the odds of getting into IAS is less than 1/10,000 i.e <0.01%, making UPSC CSE one of the hardest examination on this planet. Competition is on the rise because many more candidates from professional backgrounds (Engineers, Doctors, MBA) are becoming Civil Servants as it is full of attractions like diverse challenges, authority, opportunity of touching millions of life, prestige etc.

UPSC Preparation: Anthropology optional tips by Ashish Kumar

              Ashish Kumar
              Rank 697
              Optional: Anthropology
       Scored the highest marks in Anthropology in CSE-2013: 244 (125+119)
 

1.      Why I chose Anthropology as an optional?

·         I’m a post-graduate in Zoology from University of Delhi.

·         Because of Biology background it become easy to understand one very important and marks fetching portion of Anthropology called as Physical/Biological Anthropology which incidentally also make-up about 25% of the syllabus.

·         So those candidates who have read Biology as a subject in graduation or those who are doctors can certainly consider Anthropology as an optional, although many engineers are doing reasonably well.

·         Further, I have a bit of interest in reading and learning about tribal issues (as I’m from Jharkhand which has a substantial tribal population) and the issues pertaining to Indian society (as Anthropology is close to Sociology but more scientific in approach).

·         Finally, I feel a good understanding of Anthropology helps in Essay paper.

UPSC Preparation: Life Hacks by Dr. Roman Saini

Dr. Roman Saini gives his 2 cents on how to ace civil services and life.

Most of you reading this will not like the answer but to heck with it, I will write it anyway. Most of the toppers interview you read will be all flowery and optimistic. If you want that kind of answer, you have come to the wrong place. However, if you really wanna know what will provide you the highest probability of being successful, then congratulations and read ahead.
 
The major crux of your preparing revolves around-

1. Knowing what will come in exam, and getting the right material
2. Getting 6-10 hours of quality hours on a daily basis for long term (exceeding a year at least)

UPSC Preparation: How to write mind blowing and number fetching essay

Essay writing tips by Dr. Roman Saini and Mr. Hemant Rohilla, 2nd highest scorer of CSE 2013 (160/250)

Essay writing forms an important part of many examinations conducted by UPSC. Civil Services Examination is no different. It is meant to be a subjective assessment of one's personality, one's reasoning and one's line of thinking.

I believe Essay writing is both an art as well as a science. Before further discussing Essay Writing, let me first raise the most basic question.

What is expected out of an essay?

Essay is not just a disgorgement of information and facts nor is it a medium to express our attitudes and prejudices through half-baked opinions.

One purpose of an essay could be to test and assess the writing skills of the candidates. Yet equally and even more important purposes that an essay serves are to give an insight into:

-         one's thinking

-         one's ability to respond critically and personally to a problem or issue

-         one's acumen to select and use information to support an argument and

-         to present this argument in a structured and impressive way.

UPSC Preparation: Polity Lecture on Schedules

Dr. Roman Saini gives an intro to Polity preparation.

Schedules are defined as lists that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government. They are separated from the Indian constitution so as to decrease the bulk of the constitution which is already a 100 page document and the lengthiest in the world. But they are part of the constitution. Schedules were originally eight in number but are now twelve. This increase in the number of Schedules was done through the 1st Constitution amendment act in 1951 (IX- No Judicial review), 52nd Constitution amendment act in 1985 (X- Anti-defection law), the 73rd Constitution amendment act in 1992 (XI- Panchayati Raj) and the 74th Constitution amendment act in 1992 (XII-Municipality).

The Schedules deal with the following-

Schedule I- Territory of India (Articles 1-4)

Part one of the Schedule are the names of states and their territorial jurisdiction. There are 29 states in India, Telangana being the newest addition.

Part two included names of Union territories and their extent. The union territories in India are Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Karikal, Mahe and Yanam, Chandigarh, Dadar and Nagar Haveli.


Schedule II- Deals with the salaries of eminent people (Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 22)

This Schedules gives the provisions relating to the emoluments, privileges, allowances etc., of the President of India, Governors, Speaker, Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Legislative Assemblies in states, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and the Legislative Council in states, Judges of Supreme Court, High court and Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).

It also deals with the official residence of judges without pay, Vice-Resident or person acting as President, Governor or person acting as Governor.

UPSC Preparation: Polity Lecture on Preamble

Dr. Roman Saini gives an intro to Polity preparation.

From how it all began throughout the history of India including keyword definitions such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity from The Constitution of India is very educational and precise with constitutional amendments that explains the involvement and collaborations with foreign countries such as Great Britain and the United States. Within the youtube video lecture, attention is also brought upon Indian patriarchs Beohar Rammanohar Sinha of Jabalpur and Nandalal Bose whom painted the preamble of The Constitution of India.

Mostly directed towards how India became a sovereign nation and the maintenance of its sovereignty. By modeling the preamble of The Constitution of India to that of the preamble of the United States Constitution secures the Indian governmental practice of democracy based on the four (4) major principles of justice, liberty, equality, fraternity.

UPSC Preparation: Introduction to Polity

Dr. Roman Saini gives an intro to Polity preparation.

So this is the preliminary examination. This is the syllabi of the examination. It includes Indian polity and governance. This is exactly what is written in the UPSC notification date sheet of 2014. Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy and Rights Issues. So I'll be taking 100% coverage without fail. Although 10 to 20 will go to preliminary examination Paper-I. Will be covered from these videos, 100% guaranteed.

In Mains the entire Paper-II of General Studies, that is the Paper-III in Actuality, because Paper-I is essay. So it includes Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice. They are all the same things as Prelims. So the syllabus is by and large a big overlap.

Environment and Ecology: Introduction to Biomes

Dr. Roman Saini explains about Biomes.

What is a Biome?

- It is a geographical or climatic unit and the largest sub division of terrestrial ecosystems
- each biome holds specific subcontinental species
- these division apply only to land masses
- characterized by similar climatic conditions

A biome is defined by its:

- plant structures
- leaf types
- plant spacing
- climate

Ecozones, on the other hand, are defined by similarities of the following kinds:

- genetic
- taxonomic
- historical

Further specifications include:

- annual temperature variation
- minerals available
- amount of rainfall
- availability of sunshine

Biodiversity:

- a rule of thumb, altitude mimics latitude
- a shift outward from the equator, and up from sea level, sees a decrease in biodiversity
eg: the multitude of species present in the Amazon Rain Forests, 10 to 20 times more than Temperate Forests, and thus the title 'Lungs of the Earth'

Reasons for high biodiversity in tropics areas:

- undisturbed environments, which means
- less seasonal with an environment that is more predictable
- more resources available, sunlight, increased productivity
Species Area Relationship within a region: species increase with the area, up to a certain limit

Environment and Ecology: Introduction to Biodiversity

Dr. Roman Saini gives an Intro to Biodiversity.

-Biodiversity refers to the degree of variation of life.
-The term was popularized by Edward Wilson
- It may also be used to refer to the totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region.

Levels of Biodiversity

Earth is not only unique for the presence of life but also the biodiversity. These may be categorized as:

1)Genetic Diversity

-Genetic diversity encompasses all the genes, its various alleles (different types of genes) and its variations in a single species over its distributional range (total genetic pool). For this reason, it is not advisable to marry relatives since the genetic pool among the relatives is small thus the chances of inbreeding depression increases.
-For instance, India has thousands of rice and mango strains.

How to fill Detailed Application Form (DAF)

Dr. Roman Saini explains how to fill you DAF

Since many of you must have faced a problem when filling your DAF (Detailed Application Form) for UPSC Mains examination. So, here we will be helping you from all our personal experience and those of other toppers and how we filled our Detailed Application Form and we can help you in filling your Detailed Application Form. I hope it will help you guys a lot.

The first thing, we need to understand right now is to focus on your Mains examination because:

A major percentage of marks comprises of the Mains examinations. Level of preparation directly affects the marks in the Mains examinations.

Detailed Application Form can influence you interview marks which are maximum 275 marks.

Now, why you need to think before filling your Detailed Application Form:

Many aspirants who cleared prelims, fill their Detailed Application Form on the very first day while on the other hand, there are many, who will consult each & everyone who have given their Mains exams because of various misconceptions. In interviews, profile based questions are really what you should prepare for. For e.g. Your place of birth, graduation stream, optional, domicile, college, profession, hobbies, extra-curricular activities, awards, prices etc.

These are the things which you must have been through, you should know these answers best, and you can prepare them very easily. Things which you are very acquainted with, are something you can prepare for very easily, since, these questions have a very high probability of being asked to you. You'll all find ample time to prepare for your interviews.

One thing to keep in mind is that, even the slightest deviation in you marks can change your service i.e. You will be selected for IAS, IPS, IRS, etc. Depending on these.

How to fill Detailed Application Form (DAF)

How to read "The Hindu" newspaper in 90 minutes or less?

The single most common, yet most important thing which is expected from a UPSC aspirant is to read The Hindu daily. Let’s learn the right way before its too late. For various competitive examinations it is very important to learn “How to read the Hindu”!

How to read Hindu newspaper for IAS?

How to read Yojana Magazine in 1 day?

Certain myths which I keep on hearing are that we have to throw away the Yojana away as soon as we buy it. Please do not throw the Yojana away because there are only 12 Yojanas. Here you can keep all of them together. Still if you want to throw your Yojana away, you can download it on Yojana.gov.in. They are available absolutely free of cost. Then you have to read both Yojana as well as Hindu. You have to read prelims to prelims July to July and mains to mains November to November. Is that understood? Those of you appearing in August 25 to 15. I want you to read until July. Then you do not need to subscribe any other magazine what so ever. Please do not do that. I want you to just read Yojana. No need to read any other magazine Kurukshetra, EPW, CST, Chronicle, World Focus, or South Asian Politics. Then you need to write key phrases that is very important. You have to write the key phrases. What do I mean by that? If a Democrat is saying something, you should note that down. Just the full facts not everything. If you really fall in love with an article, you can go to this site and you can bookmark it. No need to cut and paste, no need to take extensive notes, just keep the Yojana with you.

So why read Yojana? This is because of India’s development, shining, demographic dividend, Poverty, judicial review, electoral reforms, and planning commission.

Yojana is a very successful magazine that runs around politics. Elections that have occurred in India in the recent years have grown stronger. It has grown into strength itself. The laws have gone through several amendments and challenges that have made an extreme amount of changes. Yojana is a magazine that explains it all. It covers everything from the ups and down, to the struggle, the jurisdiction, and the commission over officers and more.

Yojana runs through Unacademy. This happens to be a decent organization. India has gone through rough times. Throughout the development of homes and the election run between individuals who feel they own the right to address each political matter in order to successfully make a change in their country. Not only do politics matter in this rugged match, but power does as well. There are several main areas of concern that need and should be addressed.

In 2011, the overseas Indian citizens roll was accepted. It happens to be the most recent amendment. Can you say empowerment to the fullest! This gave commission the right to use electronic voting machines. Yojana fully explains the step by step process elections took with the acts of several commissioners and rights to be served. There is no better magazine than Yojana when it comes to keeping history and politics alive. Although some people prefer not to get caught up in the world fully of fiery misunderstood amendments, rough disagreements, and glued laws, Yojana is definitely the magazine for anyone who is ok with the friendly world of politics.

This is not the end of the article, watch the full video above by Dr. Roman Saini