The Unification of Italy
is another important event in World History apart from the Unification of
Germany. Initially, the fragmented parts of Italy were ruled by the monarchs of
Europe. During the first few decades of the 19th century, Italian
nationalism grew to a great extent among the intellectuals and aristocratic
people who wanted a unified Italian state. This period was known as the Italian
Risorgimento which means the resurrection. The demand for more rights and
liberalism among the youth from the foreign rulers lead to the creation of a
group called “Young Italy” under Giuseppe Mazzini in 1830 whose intention was
to make the Italian state which would be newly formed into a republic.
Mazzini resolved to
achieve his objective by initiating a revolution. Another leader who played a
key role in the Unification of Italy was Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Prime
Minister of the most powerful Italian State then: Sardinia. Cavour’s intention
was to bring all the Italian states under the flag of Sardinia and amass power.
It was necessary to defeat Austria, the strongest power in Northern Italy if
the unification process had to happen. Therefore, Cavour decided to enter into
the Crimean War on the side of France, Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire in
1850s. Cavour also worked on increasing the internal strength of Sardinia by
investing in the building of railroads and military improvisation. To learn
more about the unification process of Italy, do watch the video below.
In the video titled “Relive
the past: World History 7.1 Unification of Italy IAS Preparation”, Dr. Roman
Saini highlights the key points which lead to the manifestation of the
Unification of Italy. Dr. Roman provides essential details on the background of
the unification process of Italy, phases of the Italian Unification, comparison
between Unification of Italy and Unification of Germany and Principles and
Methods followed by Cavour.
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